Chapter 22 - TKAM

Mickaela Noonan

May 28, 2010

Block F

To Kill A Mockingbird

Chapter 22

Summary:
At the beginning of chapter 22, Jem is crying because he is upset about Tom Robinson being determined guilty. Jem and Scout then meet Atticus outside the courthouse and walk home together. When they get home, Aunt Alexandra is sympathetic when talking to Atticus, a side of her that is not usually seen. Unfortunately, Aunt Alexandra soon goes back to her normal self and begins to lecture Atticus on how the children should not have been in the courtroom. In the morning, the family awakes to find a ridiculous amount of food sent over from supporters of Tom Robinson. This is there way of thanking Atticus for the food. Even though he may not have won, they still appreciate him fighting for them. Atticus appreciates the food, but says that he never wants people to do this again because “times are too hard…”(Lee 286). After Atticus heads to town, Dill arrives and tells everyone of Miss. Rachel’s reaction, which was “if a man like Atticus Finch wants to butt his head against a stone wall it’s his head”(Lee 286). He also tells them about Miss. Rachel’s drinking problem. The children then go outside and find Mr. Avery, Miss Stephanie, and Miss. Maudie having an argument about the trial. Miss Maudie calls Jem, Scout, and Dill over for some cakes that she made especially for them. Miss. Maudie then gives Jem a talk about how not things are never as bad as they seem and his father is one of the men that will do the unpleasant jobs for other people. She tells Jem that they are the safest people and the trial happened for a reason, that it was a baby-step toward the greater picture. Jem speaks of becoming a Christian lawyer and Dill jokes of being a clown because all he can do about people is laugh. As they’re walking home, Miss. Rachel and Miss. Stephanie call the children over and tell them to get in the house. Mr. Avery informs them that Mr. Ewell spit in Atticus’s face while he was in town and said he was going to come for him.

Major Changes and Developments:
In this chapter we yet again see Jem becoming more mature. It is able to be seen when he cries with sympathy and sadness over the ruling of Tom Robinson. This can also be seen when he is talking to Miss. Maudie about how he thought that the people of Maycomb were the safest people in the world. We also find out about Miss. Rachel’s drinking problem. In the beginning of the chapter, we can see Atticus once again becoming more aquaintanced with the black community when they all send over food for him. For once, we see Aunt Alexandra showing some sympathy and kindness for Atticus when she finds out that he has lost the case.

Significant Quotations:
“…if a man like Atticus Finch wants to butt his head against a stone wall it’s his head”(Lee 286). This quote is said by Dill when he is explaining Miss. Rachel’s reaction to the charge of Tom Robinson. This quote is significant because it shows how much the odds were against Atticus in the first place and how everyone knew that the odds were against him.
“’It’s like bein’ a caterpillar in a cocoon, that’s what it is, he said. ‘Like somethin’ asleep wrapped in a warm place. I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that’s what they seemed like.’”(Lee 288). This quote is said by Jem when he is talking to Miss. Maudie about his reaction to the news. This shows how separated the children in the town are from the rest of the world. Jem never could have imagined that people would accuse someone of such an awful crime because of his color. He never would have thought that people in Maycomb and around Maycomb could ever be that evil.

Literary Elements:
In this chapter, there is some foreshadowing at the end when Miss. Stephanie warns the children about Mr. Ewell spitting in Atticus’s face. This foreshadows what is sure to happen later on in the book.

Vocabulary:
Impassive - adjective, without emotion
Rabbit-bites - noun, small bites
Heathen - adjective, irreligious

Critical Thinking Questions:
Why do you think Miss. Rachel reacted sourly to Atticus’s defending Tom Robinson? Do you think she really meant it?
Do you think things with Miss. Maudie will really go back to the way things were or do you think that their relationship will be muddled?
What do you think is going to happen between Mr. Ewell and Atticus? How do you think this will affect the feelings of others in town?

Chapter 21: Katie Ernst

Plot Summary

The chapter begins when Scout, Jem, and Dill are sitting in the black balcony at the trial and Calpurnia walks up the aisle and hands Atticus a note saying his children are missing. Atticus demanded they come down from the balcony and they met downstairs where Atticus agreed to let them come back if they went home and ate their supper slowly. However Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandria both agreed that it was not appropriate for the kids to be at the trial. Dill joined them for dinner and when they finished and returned to the court house nothing had changed. Scout had a bad feeling, and Tate called the court to order and walked Tom Robinson back in next to Atticus. Judge Taylor polled the jury and the unanimously voted that Tom was guilty and Atticus left the court immediately after.

Major Changes or Development

Scout becomes more mature during this chapter. Being in court she learns how to compose herself and is really able to follow along with what is taking place. She is asking questions if there is anything she doesn’t understand because she is mature enough to want to be involved. The main conflicts are the differences in opinions to whether the children should have been at the trail. Atticus isn’t thrilled with the idea but he does not oppose it, nor does he see the harm. However Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandria are horrified at the idea. Even the reverend commented on it. The society as a whole didn’t think it was appropriate, and frowned upon Atticus for allowing them to be there, and return. This conflict is not resolved in the chapter but Atticus doesn’t particularly care about what other people think of his parenting.

Significant Quotations

“’You think they will acquit him that fast?’ asked Jem. Atticus opened his mouth to answer, but then shut it and left us.” Page 277

This quotation occurs after Atticus tells them how he expects the trial will be over by the time they returned and Scout interpret this the wrong way and think Atticus is trying to say he will win. Therefore, Jem asks if he thinks they will acquit him that fast and Atticus doesn’t reply. This portrays that Atticus truly knows his chances of winning are very low because Tom is black. It also expresses what little faith he has in the decision making of the jury. However, Atticus does not want to admit to his children that there is little hope.

“I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: ‘Guilty…guilty…guilty…guilty” Page 282

This is when the jury unanimously finds Tom Robinson guilty of rape. It is a very important quote because it means that their troubles are not over and Atticus is going to have to keep working for him. It foreshadows that there will be and appeal ad it also expresses the shallowness of the jury. The jury deep down knew Tom didn’t commit the crime, but because Maycomb is so racist the facts didn’t matter to them, only the color of skin.

Literary Element: foreshadowing

In church before the say their verdict Scout describes how she is having a sour feeling, like a cold February morning when everything is silent and houses are locked up tight. This foreshadows that something bad is going to happen and the Atticus and Tom will not win the case.

Vocabulary

Acquit- to relieve from a charge of fault or crime; declare not guilty

Biblical- in accord with the Bible

Preliminary- preceding and leading up to the main part, matter, or business; introductory

Critical Thinking

Do you think if the jury consisted of more of the higher class members of the society in Maycomb the outcome of the trial would have been different?

After the trial the town gossiped about how Atticus allowed his children to watch the trail. Do you think it was right of Atticus to let them stay? Do you think Atticus cares about how the community judges his parenting?

Chapter 20

TKAM Chapter 20
Summary:
At the end of chapter 19 Dill and Scout go outside because Dill is not feeling to well and has started to cry. Then Mr. Dolphus Raymond came up. Mr. Dolphus Raymond offered Jem a drink from his notorious bag with a straw that everyone thinks is liquor. Dill takes a sip and discovers that it was not liquor in the bag but coca-cola. Dill and Scout have a nice conversation and Mr. Dolphus Raymond explains why he drinks coca-cola and not liquor. He says that he pretends to be drunk to give white people a reason why he lives the way he does. Dill and Jem are fascinated with Mr. Dolphus Raymond and talk to him for a while. Dill and Jem then remember they were missing Mr. Gilmer’s cross examination and go back into the court room. When they enter the courtroom Atticus is giving his speech to the jury. Atticus makes his point by explaining that it is impossible for Tom Robinson to attack Mayella the way she was bruised with a handicapped left arm. Atticus also says that Mayella broke an unwritten code by throwing herself on to a black man, something that is unheard of in Maycomb. Atticus also brings up the point that there was a biased against Tom Robinson going in to this trial. This bias is that black people are immoral and bad people, and are a danger towards women. Towards the end of his speech Atticus has a great ending by saying that all men are created equal. He explains that all men might not be created equal at birth but should all be equals when in court in front of a jury. At the very end of the chapter Dill points out that Calpurnia is walking down the middle of the isle towards Atticus after his speech. Jem and Scout cannot believe there eyes when they see Calpurnia walking towards Atticus.


Major Changes and Development:
Mr. Dolphus Raymond: When Scout and Dill talk to him his character changes from a mean drunk to a nice man who is misunderstood. He is misunderstood because people to not understand his life choices so he covers this up by pretending he has a drinking problem.
Atticus: He changes in Scout and Jem’s mind because he does some things in the courtroom that they rarely see him do. They saw Atticus sweat which could be a sign that he is nervous. They also see him undress to his shirt and unbutton it a little bit. Atticus never does this at home except when he is getting ready to go to bed.

Significant Quotations:
Mr. Dolphus Raymond:
“I try to give `em a reason, you see. It helps folks if they can latch onto a reason. When I come to town, which is seldom, if I weave a little and drink out of this sack, folks can Dolphus Raymond’s in the clutches of whiskey-that’s why he won’t change his ways. He can’t help himself, that’s why he lives the way he does.” (268)
This quote shows that Dolphus Raymond really does care about his image, because if he didn’t care he wouldn’t have to drink to give people a reason why he lives the way he does. This quote also shows a lot about Maycomb because being a drunk can be an excuse to live a way which is not respected.
Scout:
“We followed his finger with sinking hearts. Calpurnia was making her way up the middle aisle, walking straight towards Atticus.” (275)
This shows that Calpurnia may be different then Scout and Jem thought. This is because Calpurnia is the last person they would expect to walk down the aisle straight towards Atticus.

Literary Elements:
Stereotypes
This is a motif because it is shown again and again throughout the book and is a major part of Maycomb. Mr. Dolphus Raymond is stereotyped as a drunk who cannot help himself so isn’t questioned about the way he lives. Atticus also brings the stereotypes of a black male in front of the jury.

Vocabulary:
Corroborative: to make more certain; confirm:
Subsequent: adj. Following in time or order; succeeding.

Critical Thinking:
Do you think Mr. Dolphus Raymond faking to be a drunk is worth the reputation it gives him? Or should he not fake being a drunk and live an open life?
What do you think Calpurnia will do once she walks all the way down the aisle and meet up with Atticus?
Do you think Tom Robinson will plead guilty or not?

Pat Killion’s TKAM Chapter 16

Pat Killion’s
TKAM Chapter 16
Review
Plot Summary:

Chapter 16 started out with Scout finally realizing what had happened that night outside of the Maycomb Jail, until a point where she was in tears to be comforted my Jem. Aunt Alexandra and Atticus got into a discussion about how Mr. Underwood despises black people but yet he still defends them, as was an example of how he and a double barrel shotgun were perched in a window in case trouble was to start at Tom Robinson’s cell. They also discussed what should we said in front of Calpurnia and Atticus was quick to say that anything fit to be said at the table is fit to say in front of Calpurnia. Then Jem and Scout questioned why Mr. Cunningham was going to possibly hurt Atticus even though they had always considered him a friend of the family. That is when Atticus said the quote, “… you children last night made Water Cunningham stand in my shoes for a minute.”(Lee210) Referring to how they stood up for Atticus outside the Jail the previous night. We meet a new character in Mr. Dolphus Raymond who had a relationship with a black woman and ended up having several children of a mixed race. Jem describes the mixed children sad because they didn’t belong with anyone, not with white people because they were half black and vice versa. They overhear the court house people discussing the true intent of Atticus during the trial. Then they noticed that Atticus had neither books nor papers of any sort on his table. When Jem, Scout, and Dill finally made it into the courtroom there were no seats remaining so Reverend Sykes managed to get them seats in the Black balcony. They learned that Judge Taylor had the case, and as they sat down, Mr. Heck Tate was on the witness stand and the trial had begun.

Major Changes and Developments

Character Developments:
Atticus: He begins to show signs of Irritation towards Aunt Alexandra
Jem, Scout, and Dill: All three Children begin to understand the extent of the emotions behind the court case that there father is in.
New Characters:
Mr. Dolphus Raymond: Man with children from a relationship with a black women, often drunk due to the horror his life has turned into
Judge Taylor: Judge preceding over Tom Robinson Trial



Significant Quotations

Page 210
“… you children last night made Water Cunningham stand in my shoes for a minute.”
This quote refers to how the children stood up for Atticus outside the Jail the previous night. This quote connects to the main idea of that things are different from all perspectives. This quote reveals that Atticus believes in his case and that he wishes for others to see it like him.

Page 218
“Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That’s what I don’t like about it.”
Some men outside the courtroom were talking about the true intentions of when Atticus took this case. This quote reveals that the common person does not agree with what Atticus is doing in regards to defending Tom Robinson


Literary Elements

Foreshadowing:
The quote on page 218 “Yeah, but Atticus aims to defend him. That’s what I don’t like about it.” This reveals the feeling of the common man and possibly foreshadows the dangerous to come to Atticus and friends.


Vocabulary:

Formidable (213): Arousing fear, dread, or alarm
Litigants (221): (Law) a party to a lawsuit

Critical Thinking

1.) Why does the man outside the courtroom not like how Atticus is aiming to defend Tom Robinson?
2.) Why would Atticus have no books or tablets on his table in the court room?

TKAM Chaptre 15

Summary:
In the beginning of chapter 15 of To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, it describes how the Finch household is more hectic with trial calls for Atticus, Dill’s arrival, and Aunt Alexandra’s demands, and plots to get Boo Radley to come out of his house, “’Dill had hit upon a foolproof plan to make Boo Radley come out at no cost to our selves, ’Place a trail of lemon drops from the back door to the front yard and he’d follow it, like an ant” (Lee 193). Then later next day some men, Mr. Underwood, Mr. Tate, Dr. Reynolds, and Mr. Avery, meet Atticus outside to talk about the Tom Robinson trial. Meanwhile, Jem, Scout, and Dill are eavesdropping on their conversation. After Atticus and them are done with their conversation, Jem asks Atticus about the men, asking if they were a gang or part of the Ku Klux Klan. Atticus tries to push a smile and tells Jem that they weren’t a gang and to not worry. On the next day, Sunday, Atticus meets with Mr. Heck Tate and Mr. Underwood, the sole owner, editor, and printer of The Maycomb Tribune, to get details on Tom Robinson’s moving to the Maycomb jail. That night Atticus drives out to ‘the office’, but actually sits outside the jail. When Aunt Alexandra goes to bed Jem, Scout, and Dill sneak out to go find Atticus. They find him at the jail reading the newspaper, but then four dirty old rustic cars pull up to the jail and more men form a semi-circle around Atticus. Scout, who was hiding with Jem and Dill across the street in the shadows, runs out to Atticus thinking she knows the men, but they are complete strangers. The men demand Atticus to send Scout, Jem, and Dill home, but when Atticus tells the children to leave they resist his orders. So then one of the men try to force Jem to leave, so Scout kicks the man in the place men don’t want to be kicked, ever, to let go of Jem. Then Scout realizes that one of the men is Walter Cunningham Sr. Scout then tries to ease things by making conversation with him. Mr. Cunningham Sr. is trying to be unaffected by her, but as Scout goes on about his son and entailments, he breaks and tells Scout that he’ll say hi to his son for her and tells the men to leave. After the men and Mr. Cunningham Sr. drive off, Tom Robinson asks Atticus from inside the jail if everything is all right. Lastly, Mr. Underwood and his double-barreled shot gun appear from the second floor of The Maycomb Tribune building saying if things got messy he would clean it up with his gun.

Major Changes and Developments:
In this chapter the external conflict that is introduced is how some people want to kill or at least beat Tom Robinson. This conflict is resolved when Scout makes Mr. Cunningham break and leave. Also there is a new conflict is that outside of the trial is starting to get dangerous for the people in it.

Significant Quotations:
One significant quote in this chapter was, “You’re damn tootin’ they won’t. Had you covered all the time, Atticus”-Mr. Underwood (Lee 206). This quote is important because it shows how Atticus isn’t alone in this trial, and has people to rely on for safety. Another important quote is, “’Don’t you touch him!’ I kicked the man swiftly. Barefooted, I was surprised to see him fall back in real pain. I intended to kick his shin, but aimed too high”-Scout (Lee 204). This quote is also important because it shows how far she’ll go to keep her brother safe, and it shows how outgoing she is.

Literary Elements:
One literary element that is described in this chapter is imagery. The imagery is when Scout describes the men and their cars, “…four dusty cars came in from the Meridian highway, moving slowly in a line…and stopped in front of the jail…there was a smell of stale whiskey and pigpen…most of them, in overalls and denim shirts buttoned up to the collars…some wore hats pulled firmly down over their ears”-Scout (Lee 201-204).

Critical Thinking:
1. Why did Jem resist Atticus when he was told to go home?
2. Can you guess Jem’s ‘feeling’ about Atticus when they left to go find him?
3. Why does Atticus take the car?

Summary:

In chapter 14 in the book To Kill a Mockingbird, we see new things beginning to unfold. Scout is becoming more defiant and doesn't like listening to people telling her what to do. Aunt Alexandra moves in and tells Scout she can’t visit Calipurnia. Jem also tells her to not antagonize Aunt Alexandra. This causes scout to attack Jem. Scout is starting to be less obedient in the chapter. After the kids are sent to bed, Scout notices something in her room but can’t see it. She then asks Jem to check under her bed. Jem swings a broom under the bed and ends up finding Dill. He hid under the bed for 2 hours after running away from home because his new father allegedly chains him up in the basement. Jem and Scout get him food and listen to his stories of how he got to the Finches house.

Major changes and development:

Scout begins to be more individual and defiant in this chapter. She sees Jem’s new found responsibility and thinks poorly of it and does not obey him. She also talks back at her aunt who is now living with her. Her aunt is not a new character but she is now closer to Jem, Scout, and Atticus. A new external struggle arises quickly between Scout and aunt Alexandra.

Significant quotations:

“You tryin’ to tell me what to do?”-Scout

Scout is telling Jem not to tell her what to do. She won’t be told what to do and defiantly not by Jem.

“Ain’t so high and mighty now, are you!”-Scout

This is when Scout and Jem are fighting. Scout is at equal with Jem still and this reinforces her disobedience to Jem.

Literary elements:

A motif within the chapter could be growing up. We notice Jem trying to be mature and ahead of others in the family. We also see Scout rebelling and becoming more of a teenager. These things give a sense of evolution of the characters.

Vocabulary:

Hoover cart - A metallic carriage used for transporting people.

Yonder - Over there, there are

Critical thinking:

How does Scouts aging and Jem’s aging correlate?

Why is Aunt Alexandra so against having Calipurnia work for Atticus’ family?

Chapter 13 : Eric Ciampi

Plot Summary:
•Aunt Alexandra comes to live with Atticus, Jem and Scout for “a while”
•Aunt Alexandra makes a really good impression on everyone but Jem and Scout
•Aunt Alexandra becomes secretary of Maycomb Amanuensis Club
•Aunt Alexandra tells Jem and Scout about a “Fine Family” like the Edwells
•Aunt Alexandra gave a little background history of how Myacomb actually started
•Atticus at first agrees with Aunt Alexandra but at the end of the chapter he doesn’t.

Major Changes and Development:
In Chapter 13, Aunt Alexandra’s true character develops. She shows in the chapter that she is not just an unfair white woman she also is a very controlling and proud person. She shows this controlling side by the way she tries to handle Scout acting “problems” but trying to get Atticus and other women on her side. Also she shows she is a proud woman because she tells the story of Maycomb proudly.

Significant Quotations:
“She asked me to tell you you must try to have like the little lady and gentleman that you are” (Lee, 177). This quote is very significant to Chapter 13 because its shows the control of Aunt Alexandra. Through the whole chapter she is trying to control what Scout does specifically to the point where she tries to turn Atticus on her to turn her to a “proper young lady”. Also the quote, “Put my bag in the front bedroom, Calpurnia, was the first thing Aunt Alexandria said. Jean Louise, stop scratching your head, was the second thing she said” (Lee 169) is important in this chapter. This quote shows that even from the get-go Aunt Alexandria wants to take control of the family. Also it shows she doesn’t really care about Jem and Scout since she just gave them orders and didn’t ask them how they were.

Literary Elements:
The suitcase was a symbol.
This shows symbolism because it shows that aunt Alexandria will be there for more then a couple of days.

Vocabulary:
Formidable- arousing feelings of awe or admiration
Affirmative- expressing or manifesting praise or approval

Critical Thinking
1. What do you think of Aunt Alexandra’s personality?
2. What do you think Jem thinks of Aunt Alexandra?

Tug Hart's TKAM Ch. 12 Review Continued

Sorry, I realized that I left out the vocabulary section:

I noticed while reading that the word "nigger", was thrown around quite easily by the black people of Maycomb, and I was shocked by that. I thought the word was a taboo, and I noticed how the people considered higher class in the black community refrained from using the word, while Lula, considered a lower class women, was using the word often.

Tug Hart's TKAM Ch. 12 Review

Plot Summary

Scout talks about how Jem is growing up and away from her. Instead of going around making mischief with Scout, he stays home, reads the news paper. After turning 12 years old, Jem seems to grow in wisdom. He is able to decipher hidden messages usually unseen by a young boy’s eye. When Scout tries to start playing games with Jem, he fires back and tells her to leave her alone. Calpurnia explains to Scout that Jem is growing into a man, and is now referring to him as “Mister Jem”. During summer, Atticus is called to the state legislature to work on state spending. When Atticus is at the state capitol, Calpurnia takes care of the children. Calpurnia decides to clean the two children up and take them to her church. When arriving, the children first are inquisitive of where they are going. At first, Calpurnia and the children are treated poorly by Lula, a loud mouthed parishioner, who tells Calipurnia to leave with the children. The other church members greet the children with open arms, proclaiming their father is a hero, and that he is the closest friend to the church. Scout notices that the church itself is unimpressively decorated, and that the there are no hymnal books. She also learns that many of the people do not know how to read, so they listen to Calpurnia’s eldest son, Zeepo, sing and repeat him. Scout also learns that the church has been collecting money to give to Tom Robinson’s unemployed wife, Helen, who has to take care of three children. Scout asks Calpurnia questions, especially about why she uses a different way of speaking when at the Church that is all-black. Calpurnia explains that if she uses her white vernacular in a predominantly black area, she would look like she is trying to show off. Scout and Jem question this, but do understand at the end where she is coming from.

Character Changes and Development:

Jem: has grown in size and mind. After turning 12, he finds he has to grow up to be a man, much like his father. He is wise beyond his years, and is able to see things that are not seen by Scout. The age difference has increased between the two siblings. Calpurnia calls Jem, “Mister Jem”. Cal explains to Scout that Jem has grown up and will want to be in solitude more than he will want to play childish games with her.

Calpurnia: is well educated, but does speak the vernacular of an African American lady when with a predominantly black group. She shows the children a glimpse of the life of the black people in the South.

Scout: seems to be effected mildly by the life style of the African Americans. She is inquisitive about many things she sees at the church. She is also very astonished to find out the limited literacy of the blacks of Maycomb. I think this is Scout’s first glimpse of the actual black community, not the monster that the whites of Maycomb describe it as.

Conflicts: The main conflict introduced in this chapter is the loyalty to the black community by the Finch’s. They are considered traitors to the whites, but in reality, Atticus is defending the just cause.

Scout finally comes to understand why the whites of Maycomb are calling Atticus as a “nigger lover”, and understands that she is becoming ostracized like the rest of her family from the white community.

Alex Thompson Ch 10

Plot summary:
• Jem and Scout get air rifles and their uncle teaches them to shoot.
• Jem and scout go around the neighborhood asking people if their father had any special talents.
• Jem and scout see Tim Johnson ,the dog, walking up a street near theirs and he was limping.
• Calpurnia calls Atticus and tells him about the dog.
• Atticus and the sheriff come to the house.
• Atticus shoots the dog.
• Jem and scout find out that Atticus is a good marksman
• Jem tells Scout not to tell anyone about Atticus shooting the dog.
Major Changes and development:
In this chapter Atticus is developed. Jem and scout don’t think that Atticus has any cool skills, but when they find out that he is the best marksman in all of Maycomb they are more proud of their father than ever before. This now makes Jem want to be even more like Atticus.

Significant Quotations:
“remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird” (Lee 119)
This quote is significant because it is referred to in the title of the book. Also it is significant because of what it means. The book explains that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird because they do nothing to harm anything around them. This is important because the book is set in the 1930’s where people are “killing mockingbirds” by segregating colored people who haven’t done anything wrong.
“Atticus is a gentleman, just like me (jem)”(Lee 131)
This quote is important because it is showing that jem now, more so than before, wants to be like Atticus because he is proud of him.

Literary elements:
Mockingbird
This is a symbol because it helps show a theme of the book. And will most likely appear more throughout the book.

Bonus Question

Hey it's Alex and Mrs. B. If you are using the blog to study, remember this video. I will be posting CH. 10 later.

Chapter 11~Ben Mager

Plot Summary

The chapter starts with a description of Mrs. Dubose. She was an old, ill women filled with insults to Gem and scout. She was also very mean. She threatened to call their principle on a Saturday because they were playing hooky, and she insulted their whole family.

Jem had a lot of money from his 12 birthday, so he brought Scout to the town to get a steam engine and a baton for Scout so she can twirl. On the way their, they ran into Mrs.Dubose, who just said nothing but insults. They later just walked away. Later, Gem took Scouts baton and demolished all of Mrs. Dubos's bushes, then split the baton in half. Scout was angry, but Gem just kicked her to the ground and pulled her hair. When Atticus found out, he made Gem go talk to Mrs. Dubose. His punishment is to read to her everyday after school, and to fix the bushes every Saturday.

The first day, he went with Jem. Mrs. Dubose made him read Ivanhoe, and corrected ever word he got wrong. She started acting weird and an alrm clock went off. Jessie came in and made Jem and Scout leave. Time for medicine. When they got home, Atticus gave Scout 2 pencils and Gem a magazine. All the days ended up like that.

On the last day, Atticus visited. Mrs. Dubose made Gem stay for another week, even though the month was over.

Major Changes and Development

There are a few changes to the development of the book.

• We meet Mrs. Dubose, who is an old lady that lives two houses down the street.
• We also see Gem's angry side when he destroyed her bushes.
• Gem learns the true meaning of courage from visiting her house.

Significant Quotes

"Your father's no better than the n*****'s and trash he works for. (pg 135)

Shows that their family isn't respected by a lot of people, including adults like Mrs. Dubose.

"I wanted you to see what true courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is someone with a gun. Its when you know you're licked before you begin, but you begin anyway and see it through, no matter what." (Page 149)

Atticus teaches Gem and Scout what courage is.

Literary Elements

Simile when Atticus greeted Mrs. Dobuse. Said she looked like a picture, comparing her to piece of art.

Metaphor "Her face was the color of a dirty pillow case. Showing how gross she looked.

Vocab

Passé'- Out of style, no longer fashionable.

Baton- A stick used by twirlers. They throw it up and it lands and they catch it.

Critical Thinking

1. Do you think it is weird that Mrs. Dubose won't insult Atticus to his face, but will insult Atticus and the whole family in front of Scout and Gem.

2. Was Atticus right to send Gem to her house just to teach him what courage was, or do you think it was risky of him?

Chapter 7- Ben Davis

PLOT SUMMARY

Chapter 7 opens with Jem being moody. He is quiet for a week according to scout. She also says that the second grade is worse than first, except for the fact the she now could walk home with Jem every day. Finally, on the way home one day Jem tells Scout that on the night he ran to the radleys place, he found his pants stitched in a clumsy manly manner. This scares Jem because somebody knew he would be coming back for his pants, and nobody can predict Jem.

That same afternoon, they decide not to take whatever is in the knot hole of the tree, because it may be someone’s hiding spot. When the ball of twine goes nowhere, they consider everything in the tree theirs from then on. Another day, they find a soap sculpture of a boy and girl and are startled when the realize it is a carving of themselves. The two children leave a letter in the knot hole one day, when they come home from school the tree is plugged up with cement. Mr. Radley admits to doing this, but lies and say it is because the tree is sick. Jem and Scout are very upset that the tree has been filled.

MAJOR CHANGES

· Jem is in shock for a week after his run to the Radley Place

· The kids start to wonder why Mr. Radley actually plugged up the tree, and this intensifies the mystery of the Radley’s existence.

QUOTATIONS

· “Atticus, if it’s all right with you, I’d rather have this one [pocket watch] instead. Mabe I can fix it.” (81)

o Jem says he would prefer to have a watch of his own that he can take pride in having fixed himself. This shows us that Jem is a person who loves his pride.

· “Can’t anybody tell what I’m gonna do lest they know me, can they, Scout?”

o In this quote we see that Jem likes the fact that he is unpredictable, and he is shocked that somebody could know he would come back.

LITERARY ELEMENT

The soap carving was intended to symbolize the friendship and love between Jem and Scout.

VOCAB

· Lest- unless

· Burdensome- a word used to describe something that is a pain, or setback

CRITICAL THINKING

1. For what reason did Mr. Radley actually fill the tree?

2. Was it Boo or Mr. Radley that sewed up Jems pants?

Chapter 6, Chris DiFonzo

Chapter 6, Chris DiFonzo

Plot Summary:

On Dill’s final night in Maycomb for the summer, Jem and Scout head over to Mrs. Rachel’s fish pool to sit with Dill. After a short period of time at the fish pool, characterized by Dill’s construction of a cigarette, Dill decides that they should go on walk. Jem goes along but Scout objects realizing that no one just goes for a walk and questions what their actual intent is. After being told to go home if she is going to keep discouraging them and following being called a girl, Scout reluctantly joins. They then proceed to the Radley house and seize the advantages that the last night of summer presents to get a peek inside the loose shutter at the Radley house.

Failing to see through the curtains on the side window, Jem goes to porch at the back of the house. There he peeks inside and the three children observe an ominous shadow of a man with a hat strolling inside. Then, Jem leaps off the porch and flings open the gate as Scout and Dill follow. Unseen by the children, Nathan Radley, comes outside to scare away the intruders and shoots a single shot from his shot gun into the air. Still scurrying to escape the yard, Dill and Scout dive under the wire fence and book it to the school yard, while Jem gets his pants stuck on the fence and is forced to leave them behind.

The neighborhood gathers outside the Radley house to discuss the gunfire, and Dill, Jem, and Scout, show up to avoid suspicion. The rumor circulating among the crowd was that Nathan shot to scare a Negro from his yard and that next time he hears any sound, he will shoot at whatever it may be. To explain Jem’s lack of pant to the crowd, Dill develops a story in which Jem lost them in strip poker. Atticus tells Jem to get his pants from Dill and come home. At home, Jem confides in Scout that he's going back to the Radley's to get his pants. Scout once again objects because of her fear for his life, but Jem would rather risk life than admit to Atticus that he lied.

Changes and Developments:

There are several changes and developments that occur during this chapter. Jem and Scout continue to grow apart because Scout consistently objects to Jem’s daring plans. They no longer see eye to eye on anything, and Scout is unable to understand or justify peeking at the Radley house or returning for his pants. Scout seems to tag along just to be included. In the chapter the issue that involves Dill’s ignoring of Scout is somewhat resolved when he kisses her upon his departure. Also, we meet Mr. Avery and learn a limited description about his boarding across the street from the Dubose house, tendencies to remain on the porch until 9, and his sneezing. Early in the chapter, Scout struggles with the internal conflict on whether to defend her honor and go on the dangerous Radley house mission with the boys, or stay home and assume the title of being a girl. She decides to go. An external conflict arises as Dill, Scout, and Jem attempt to escape unseen from the Radley house. They successfully do so but it leads to another external conflict, whether or not Jem should return for his pants. He decides to risk his life against the will of Scout but manages to succeed. When Jem goes to the Radley house even at the risk of his own life just so his lie is not revealed to his father, it shows just how important his relationship with his father is.

Significant Quotations:

Jem

“Scout, I’m telling you for the last time, shut your trap or go home I declare to the lord that you are getting more like a girl everyday. (69)”

This quote shows how Jem and Scout’s relationship continues to deteriorate because Scout constantly objects, however seems to always want to be included so she puts her feeling aside.

Scout

I admired my brother. Matches were dangerous, but cards were fatal” 73.

This quote shows how much through everything, Scout looks up to her brother.

Literary Element:

Irony

It was ironic that Atticus would rather hear that gambling between Jem and Dill involved matches not cards, because often kids are given decks of cards and constantly reminded to never play with matches. Also matches are far more dangerous than cards because they can start a fire.

Vocabulary:

Kudzu- a fast-growing Chinese and Japanese climbing vine

Breeches- knee-length trousers, often having ornamental buckles or elaborate decoration at or near the bottoms

Critical Thinking

· Do you think Scout will ever truly stand up to Jem to do the right thing, or will she always follow his lead just so she’s included?

· Do think it was reasonable risk for Jem to go back for his pants?

Chapter 5, Connor Barry

Plot:
At the beginning of the chapter, scout tells us that previously dill wanted to marry her. Now she is starting to be jealous of Dill because he is spending more time with Jem. They would hang out together in the tree house for hours and leave her out. So scout goes and talks to a friendly neighbor, Miss. Maudie. Who always treats Jem Finch, Scout Finch, and Charles Baker Harris with one small cake, each. She is also good at gardening. Miss. Maudie is a friend of Scouts uncle Jack, who has longed to marry Miss. Maudie, but knows it will never happen. Scout and Miss Maudie talk about Boo Radley, now known as Arther Radley. Her theory is that he is still very much alive but lives with a harsh father. While scout believed the rumor, that Boo was dead and stuffed up the chiminy. Miss Maudie brought up the term “foot-washing” which was a very religious person, exactly what Boo’s father was. Miss Maudie adds she did not like them too much “Did you know some of ‘em came out of the woods one Saturday and passed by this place and told me me and my flowers were going to hell?” (Lee 59) Jem and Dill are making a note inviting Boo to have ice cream with them. While they were trying to keep Scout away, she adds is as much her yard as is theirs. The use a fishing pole and try to stick the note in the windowsill, not achieving this task, Jem almost ruins the paper. When the dinner bell rings Atticus catches them, scolds them, and says “I’m going to tell you something and tell you one time: stop tormenting that man” (Lee 65). Which leads to the halting of making fun of the Radley family.

Major Changes and Developments:
At first Dill likes Scout and wants to marry her, than later on in the chapter, they grow apart and Dill starts to hang out with Jem more. Scout changes by jealousy and starts to leave them alone and talk to her neighbor more, Miss Maudie.
New Characters consist of Miss Maudie, a friendly neighbor of Scout and Dr. Buford who’s profession was medicine and anything that grew in the ground.
There is an external conflict introduced when Atticus announces his grief when he notices Jem, Dill, and Scout annoying the Radley household, and catching them when they did plays of the Radleys lives. Also the relationship of Jem, Dill, and Scout is and external and internal conflict that arises because they do not let Scout hangout anymore. It is also an internal conflict because Scout is sad she is not encluded anymore. Neither of the conflics have resolved yet, or intensified.

Literary Elements:
Boo Radley is a symbol representing to the kids a ghost or superstition, not yet developed into a real person yet.

Vocab
- Tacit (page 56) Meaning : understood without being openly expressed; implied: tacit approval.
- Scuppernongs (page 56) Meaning: a silvery amber-green variety of
muscadine grape.

Critical Thinking
1. Is Boo Radley A real Prson? Or a figure of imagination?
2. Is Atticus right to say that they are tormenting the family?

Chapter 3

Plot Summary:

At the school playground, Scout bullies and rubs Walter Cunningham’s face into the dirt for getting her in trouble with Miss Caroline. Of course Walter does not deserve this so Jem stops them and invites Walter to lunch. Later, back at the Finch household Walter and Atticus get along and talk about business things over lunch. Scout makes rude comments to Walter when he puts molasses on his vegeteables and meat. Calpurnia makes Scout eat the rest of her lunch in the kitchen and scolds Scout for being rude and a bad hostess, before returning to the dining room. After, Scout, Walter, and Jem walk back to school and an incident occurs in Miss Caroline’s class. Miss Caroline gets upset and afraid, when a small bug crawl’s out of her student Burris Ewell’s hair. Burris is extremely poor and less respectable than the Cunningham family, which means he is struggling a lot in life. Burris only comes to school on the first day of school every year so he will not get in trouble with law. After Miss Caroline asks Burris to bathe and then return to class, he answers her by calling her a slut and making her cry. When school finishes, Scout comes home upset and tells Atticus she is not feeling well. She then tells him she does not want to go to school anymore, just like every other kid, and for him to teach her. Atticus explains to Scout that it is the law to attend school, and as long as she does not tell her teacher, he will continue to keep reading to her.

Major Changes and Developments:

There are several changes and developments in this chapter. We first see Scout’s aggressive and impulsive side in which she fights with Walter. However, by the end of the chapter she better realizes how to act around the less fortunate people, and is hoping to stay that way. Walter is depicted in this chapter as an innocent, caring person who is just trying to work for his life and family. His family repays Miss Caroline in goods instead of money. A big development is the character of Atticus. Instead of just being portrayed as a wealthy man around Maycomb, the author shows his personality of pride and respect when speaking about the poor families in town, and especially Walter. We are introduced to Burris Ewell, a boy who comes from an extremely poor family that is rude to his class and Miss Caroline. This boy is shown to readers of one with little respect towards anyone. Lastly, Calpurnia is shown as much more than just the cook of the Finch’s. She lectures Scout in a good way that will hopefully effect Scout’s ideas and decisions in the future.

Significant Quotations:

“I told Calpurnia to just wait, I'd fix her: one of these days when she wasn't looking I'd go off and drown myself in Barker's Eddy and then she'd be sorry. Besides, I added, she'd already gotten me in trouble once today: she had taught me to write and it was all her fault."

pg .29

- This quote shows that Calpurnia tries to help and scold Scout, Scout has yet to understand.

“ You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of you… until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

- This quote is said by Atticus Finch, speaking to Scout. He explains this to Scout because Scout does not have a very good idea of how other people feel and live with their life. He tries to help Scout realize that not everyone has it easy and there are reasons for everyone’s actions. Scout means well in everything she does, but sometimes she needs to be much more selfless and that is what Atticus means by this quote.

Literary Elements:

There is an example of foreshadowing when Atticus makes the deal with Scout about reading. This is foreshadowing because there is absolutely going to be another problem that occurs with Miss Caroline.

Vocabulary:

Critical Thinking:

Why is Miss Caroline truly upset and flustered with everything going on in her classroom? What does this tell us about the ways of society back then?

Do you think Scout understands everything Atticus and Calpurnia have explained and taught him?